Water changes are an important part of keeping goldfish.You wouldn’t fancy living in your own toilet and goldfish aren’t too keen either.
Goldfish not only poop an awful lot but also produce a lot of ammonia. This ammonia is toxic to fish which is why cycling your tank before adding your fish is so important. However, beneficial bacteria turn this ammonia into nitrite. While still toxic to fish it is slightly less toxic than ammonia. Yet more beneficial bacteria turn this nitrite into nitrate. Again, it is less toxic to fish than nitrite or ammonia.
The nitrogen cycle looks a little like this:
Nitrates are quite good for your live plants and act as a sort of fertiliser. They still need to be removed, however, as too much is harmful to your fish. This is where water changes come in. There is no beneficial bacteria to get rid of nitrates so this is something that needs to be done by the the fish owner.
I’m the first to admit that these water changes can be very inconvenient. Carrying buckets of water to and from the tank can be awfully hard work, especially if you have a large tank (and you should!). It only gets worse when there are stairs between your tank and a clean water source but there are way to make it significantly easier.
Inevitably, at some point, you will need a bucket. This bucket should NEVER have any chemicals in it which aren’t fish safe. If you’ve used it for cleaning your car or mopping the floor, for example, you should keep it for that purpose and buy a new bucket for your fish.
One potentially important piece of kit is a gravel siphon. It creates a vacuum either by moving the pump up and down in the tank, or using a pump action. It sucks up water and poop. Sometimes, however, if you get a really powerful one, it will also suck up gravel. If you’re taking gravel out of your tank (gradually, but never all at once!), this can be a really helpful thing. Otherwise, it is a pain in the butt! It is incredibly helpful for removing poop from substrate and moving small amounts of water into buckets but larger water changes can be tricky.
Some fish keepers swear by their Pythons. These are not living creatures but are a clever means of emptying the water from your tank and replacing it with clean water. They are, however, quite pricey. A 25ft (approximately 7.5 meter) Python is £40.95 on Amazon. This wasn’t long enough to meet my needs and I couldn’t afford a longer one anyway.
The Python works on the venturi effect. It connects to the tap and, in theory, as water from the tap flows through it, it creates a vacuum which sucks out the water in the tank.
(Big thanks to whomever made that image. I would link it but it is coming up with a dodgy webpage!)
You then turn the dial to put water back in the tank.
I tried a DIY python but, for love nor money, I could not get that thing to work! I bought the T-pump part (pictured above) on Ebay for less than £10, hose fittings from Homebase for less than £5, and a garden hose for less than £15. Sure, it came to around the same price as a Python but I’m glad I didn’t waste my money on something that wouldn’t work! My full review of the Python is here.
In no small part, this was because I live in a third floor flat (fourth if you consider the ‘ground floor’ the ‘first floor’) and my bedroom is on the fourth floor, upstairs from the kitchen and bathroom. The water pressure just wasn’t strong enough to create the venturi effect. There was enough pressure to put water back in, but not to suck it out. Another disadvantage is that you have to use water to remove water. This is really wasteful so if you’re keen on saving water and being kind of the environment, this may not be for you.
Actually, the ‘T-pump’ section is something used for water beds. Using a version allegedly for this purpose and not branded as a ‘Python’ might save a little money too!
It was suggested to me that a pond pump might help. This was another £7 but it has saved so much hassle! It has a motor which sucks water from the tank into the pump and out into the garden hose and down to the sink. I then attach the hose to the tap using the hose fittings I originally bought, check the water temperature is right, add Seachem Prime or Safe to my tank, turn on the tap, and the task is done. My full instructions for a DIY Python are here
It took a little getting used to. I can’t say I didn’t get a little wet the first (second, or third) time I tried to use these tools without any help. I still have to run up and down the stairs a few times, but it is SO much simpler and easier than using buckets! I still take a bucket of water out of the tank first with which to rinse out my filter media. Rinsing it in tap water would add chlorine and chloramine to the filter which would kill all of that beneficial bacteria.
In order to avoid getting wet, I have a specific order in which I do things:
- Attach hose to tap and take the other end of the hose upstairs to the tank.
- Attach the other end of the hose to the pond pump inside the tank.
- Empty some tank water into the ‘fish bucket’ using the gravel siphon to remove any excess detritus from the bottom of the tank.
- Rinse out filter media in bucket of water and put back in the tank.
- Go downstairs, remove the hose from the tap and ensure it is well placed to allow water to flow down the drain.
- Go back upstairs and plug in the pond pump.
- Drain about 80% of the water (I do large changes!)
- Remove hose from pond pump, place finger over hose to keep the vacuum and put in the ‘fish bucket’ to drain the water from there.
- Wiggle the hose to ensure the vacuum effect has dissipated.
- Reattach hose to pond pump.
- Add correct dose of Seachem Prime.
- Go downstairs, ensure the water coming from the tap is the same temperature as in the tank.
- Attach hose to tap and turn on the water.
- Keep an eye on the tank so it doesn’t overfill.
- Turn off the tap downstairs and place the end of the hose over the drain to allow excess water to drain off.
- Remove the other end of the hose from the tank (a degree of vacuum will be there again so be quick!)
- Keep the end of the hose which was in the tank upright and allow the water to drain DOWN to the drain – doing this in any other way will result in getting very wet!
I do this largely because my pond pump has suction cups on the bottom. Not having the hose ‘rooted’ to anything means it will slip out of the tank and spray water all over me, my floor, my computer… So while it may look complicated, it is a LOT easier than getting soaking wet! Even then, I will still do water changes in my pyjamas just in case!
Just because the Python didn’t work for me, doesn’t mean it wont work for other people. I like the pond pump and garden hose method. I’ve since changed my filter which has an attachment for turning it into a water pump and, while I could use that, I’ll stick with what I know for a while 🙂